Dr Ashok Vaid
MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Oncology)Dr. Ashok K. Vaid is MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Oncology). In his current Appointment, he is working as chairman,
Dr. Ashok K. Vaid is MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Oncology). In his current Appointment, he is working as chairman,
Cancer, in its simplest terms, is an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells within the body. Every person has the potential to develop cancer, but it’s not something you can “catch” like a cold or an infection. Cancer begins when the normal programming of a cell or group of cells is disrupted, causing them to grow uncontrollably. A variety of factors can alter this programming, including chronic irritation, exposure to tobacco smoke or dust, radioactive substances, and genetic factors such as age, sex, race, and heredity.
While we can’t control all of these factors, we can take action to reduce our risk by addressing the ones within our control. Prevention, awareness, and early detection are key in the fight against cancer. While we don’t yet talk about a complete cure, many types of cancer can be treated and managed effectively, especially when detected early.
What is the Difference Between Normal and Malignant Cells?
Normal cells grow and divide in a regulated, orderly manner. However, cancerous (malignant) cells multiply rapidly and uncontrollably, often forming lumps or tumors. Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors don’t stop growing—they can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Types of Cancer Related to Lifestyle and Risk Factors
While many factors contributing to cancer are beyond our control, some cancers are strongly linked to lifestyle choices and environmental exposure. Here are a few examples:
Cancer of the Bladder
Bladder cancer is typically slow-growing and responds well to treatment when caught early. Smoking, chronic irritation, and exposure to certain chemicals are major risk factors. Those in certain professions, like house painters, hairdressers, truck drivers, and textile workers, may have an increased risk due to exposure to harmful chemicals. Symptoms to look out for include blood in the urine and painful urination.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Factors such as early menstruation, late or no pregnancies, late menopause, and a family history of breast cancer increase the risk. Women should practice breast self-examinations and follow mammogram recommendations from their doctors. Diet also plays a role; too much fat in the diet increases risk, while nutrients like selenium (found in fish bones and whole grains) may offer protection. Regular exercise is highly beneficial in lowering risk.
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in India. This slow-growing cancer can be easily detected with a Pap smear. Risk factors include early menstruation, early marriage, multiple sex partners, many pregnancies, and poor genital hygiene. A diet rich in vitamins A, C, and folate may help reduce the risk, while smoking increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer by 50%.
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is often linked to a high-fat, low-fiber diet and is more common in wealthier countries. Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and lower back or bladder pain. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fiber is key in reducing the risk.
Esophageal Cancer
Tobacco and alcohol use are major risk factors for esophageal cancer. Consuming pickled or highly spiced foods can also contribute to its development. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing, choking, and throat pain. Vitamins A and C are recommended to help reduce the risk.
Cancer in the Eyes
Eye cancer can take many forms, often triggered by intense exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. People with lighter-colored eyes are at a greater risk of developing eye melanoma. Wearing protective eyewear and limiting sun exposure are important preventive measures.
Awareness and Prevention
Cancer awareness is crucial for prevention and early detection. Many lifestyle-related cancers can be prevented by making informed choices regarding diet, physical activity, and exposure to harmful substances like tobacco and alcohol. Regular screenings and health check-ups are important tools in catching cancer early when it’s most treatable.
By staying informed, making healthy choices, and promoting cancer awareness, we can work together to reduce the impact of cancer on our lives and communities. Remember, prevention is always better than treatment.